Show IP Protocols

Jan 10 2025 21 ep. 22

Show IP Protocols Podcast artwork

Build Your Dream Internet with Li-Ji Hong (洪李吉)

Education Technology

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Breaking 100K Entries is the Global IPv6 BGP Table

This year, 2020, around November I started to see the global IPv6 BGP Table is getting more than 100K entries. Although the number is going above and under 100K from time to time, starting from the end of November I can safely say it is breaking 100K entries right now. This is an interesting milestone for IPv6. That means a massive majority of people are using IPv6 today. I want to

Three possible scenarios of Software Defined Networking (SDN)

Software-defined networking (SDN) is an approach to create a centrally controlled programmable packet network. Any protocols with the same approach could be considered as SDN as well. For open protocols, we have one popular standard protocol “OpenFlow” talking among the central controllers to all managed networking devices. Open Network Foundation (ONF) defines OpenFlow protoco

Where do we use Cisco Wildcard Masks?

People might still be interested in about Cisco Wildcard Masks. I try to summarize interesting information about Wildcard Masks in this post. Use Case 1: IPv4 Access Control Lists on Cisco IOS, IOS XE, and IOS XR Wildcard masks are for us to select only subsets of IPv4 addresses. When we define selected source or destination IPv4 addresses for an Access Control List (ACL), we use W

Revised post: Covering Subnet Calculator to understand more about Wildcard Mask

This tool is an update to my previous post: Simple visual tool to calculate Cisco IOS Wildcard Mask Notes for Cisco IOS Wildcard Mask You can simply assume Cisco IOS Wildcard Mask are derived by mapping 1s to 0s and 0s to 1s of equivalent subnet mask in binary notation. By definition, “0” bits in a wildcard mask denote the bits you must match the base prefix, and “1” bits d

Global BGP IPv4 table is around 800K in size

This week the global BGP IPv4 table is around 800,000 entries in size. I bring this up just to give you a head-up and say a “Wow”. I don’t want to make you worry about the number. This is not my intention. I still remember the “old good time” when I had installed a BGP router (Cisco 3660) with 256 Megabytes of DRAM memory in year 2001. At that time, the BGP table is below

Scanning active IPv4 addresses is difficult? Simpler than you think

It is always a best practice to keep full track of all IP address assignments inside our local area network. From time to time, it might also be a good idea for security purposes to check whether we have any hidden nodes inside our network. To discover any node with active IP addresses inside our network, we might imagine that we must acquire powerful tools such as Cisco Prime Infr

CCNA 2020, My summary of changes

Cisco recently announced major changes of certification programs and they all will take place on February 24, 2020. In this post, I am giving you my quick summary on CCNA alone. CCNA Exam Changes (200-301) The official new exam name for CCNA 2020 is “Cisco Certified Network Associate v2.0 (CCNA 200-301)”. I know it is quite confusing since CCNA exams has already been changed fo

Google is terminating Google+ service

Hi, this is Li-Ji Hong speaking. We now know Google is terminating Google+ service. I understand that many of you came from Google+ to find and visit my web site “Show IP Protocols”. To keep updated and connected to my web site “Show IP Protocols”, I recommend you adding at least one of these three services: Twitter, Facebook, and Email subscription. Twitter Number 1 is Twi

400G Ethernet, My Observation Notes

I saw a post about Cisco has announced 400G Ethernet switch products. 400G Ethernet means the bit rate can be up to 400 Gbps. Here are some of my observation notes on 400G Ethernet products. Cisco announced four models of Nexus 400G switches Screen capture on Cisco.com In the product page, Cisco announced 4 new models of Nexus switches with 400G Ethernet capability. Nexus 9316

Bank lost 1 million US Dollars because of outdated routers

A recent news was about hackers hacked into a Russian bank because of outdated routers. When I saw the keyword “router”, I felt that I must dig further about what really happened. What I have understood now The victim is PIR Bank. One of the suspects is MoneyTaker. After the breach, PIR Bank hired company Group-IB to do the clean-ups, recovery, and investigating how the hackers