China's tariffs on the U.S. were a retaliatory response to the trade war initiated by the U.S. under the Trump administration. After the U.S. imposed tariffs on Chinese goods (steel, aluminum, electronics, etc.), China responded by placing tariffs on American exports like soybeans, automobiles, and agricultural products, hitting U.S. farmers and manufacturers hard. The trade war led to higher costs for businesses and consumers, supply chain disruptions, and economic tensions between the two largest economies. While some tariffs have been reduced or renegotiated, many remain in place, impacting global trade dynamics.