Marlon Brando - Audio Biography
Marlon Brando: The Revolutionary Actor Early Life and Beginnings Marlon Brando Jr. was born on April 3, 1924, in Omaha, Nebraska. The son of Marlon Brando Sr., a pesticide and chemical feed manufacturer, and Dorothy Julia Pennebaker, an actress and theatre administrator, Brando's early life was marked by complexity and contradiction. His mother, whom he adored, was an alcoholic, while his father was often absent and emotionally distant. Brando's childhood was tumultuous. He was expelled from several schools due to rebellious behavior, a pattern that would continue into his adult life. Despite these challenges, or perhaps because of them, Brando developed a keen sensitivity and a deep well of emotion that would later serve him well in his acting career. At his father's insistence, Brando was sent to Shattuck Military Academy in Minnesota. However, his rebellious nature persisted, and he was eventually expelled. After a brief stint working as a ditch-digger, Brando decided to follow in his mother's footsteps and pursue acting. He moved to New York City in 1943, at the age of 19, to study at the American Theatre Wing Professional School. The Actor's Studio and Early Stage Career In New York, Brando met Stella Adler, a renowned acting teacher who would have a profound influence on his career. Adler introduced Brando to the 'Method' style of acting, based on the techniques of Konstantin Stanislavski. This approach emphasized emotional truth and drawing from one's own experiences to inform performances. Brando took to this style immediately, and it would become the foundation of his revolutionary approach to acting. Brando also became involved with the Actor's Studio, founded by Elia Kazan, Cheryl Crawford, and Robert Lewis. Here, under the tutelage of Lee Strasberg, Brando honed his craft alongside other future stars like Montgomery Clift and James Dean. His first significant stage role came in 1944 with "I Remember Mama." However, it was his electrifying performance as Stanley Kowalski in Tennessee Williams' "A Streetcar Named Desire" in 1947 that truly announced Brando as a major talent. His raw, animalistic portrayal of Kowalski was unlike anything Broadway had seen before, and it set the stage for a new era in American acting. Breakthrough in Hollywood Brando made his film debut in "The Men" (1950), playing a paraplegic veteran. To prepare for the role, he spent a month in a veterans' hospital, demonstrating the commitment to realism that would characterize his approach to acting throughout his career. However, it was the 1951 film adaptation of "A Streetcar Named Desire," directed by Elia Kazan, that catapulted Brando to stardom. His portrayal of Stanley Kowalski, with his famous cry of "Stella!", became one of the most iconic moments in cinema history. The performance earned Brando his first Academy Award nomination and cemented his status as the most exciting young actor in Hollywood. Brando followed this with a string of critically acclaimed performances in films such as "Viva Zapata!" (1952), "Julius Caesar" (1953), and "On the Waterfront" (1954). The latter, which reunited him with Elia Kazan, won Brando his first Academy Award for Best Actor. His portrayal of Terry Malloy, particularly the famous "I coulda been a contender" scene, is considered one of the greatest performances in film history. Rebel Without a Cause Throughout the 1950s, Brando's off-screen persona began to match his on-screen intensity. He became known for his rebellious attitude, his disdain for Hollywood conventions, and his turbulent personal life. This period saw him take on a variety of roles, from singing and dancing in "Guys and Dolls" (1955) to playing a Nazi officer in "The Young Lions" (1958). Brando's reputation for being difficult on set grew during this time. He often clashed with directors and fellow actors, and his perfectionism and insistence on multiple takes became legendary. Despite this, his talent was undeniable, and he continued to be one of Hollywood's most sought-after actors. Decline and Comeback The 1960s saw a decline in Brando's career. Films like "One-Eyed Jacks" (1961), which Brando also directed, and "Mutiny on the Bounty" (1962) were commercial and critical disappointments. His behavior on set became increasingly erratic, and his reputation suffered as a result. However, Brando made a spectacular comeback in 1972 with his portrayal of Don Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola's "The Godfather." His performance was a masterclass in subtlety and understatement, a stark contrast to the raw emotion of his earlier roles. The film was a massive success, and Brando won his second Academy Award for Best Actor, which he famously refused in protest of Hollywood's treatment of Native Americans. Later Career and Controversies Following "The Godfather," Brando continued to take on challenging and controversial roles. His portrayal of a middle-aged American expatriate in Bernardo Bertolucci's "Last Tango in Paris" (1972) was highly controversial due to its explicit sexual content. The film's infamous butter scene remains a subject of debate and controversy to this day. In 1979, Brando gave another memorable performance in Coppola's "Apocalypse Now," playing the renegade Colonel Kurtz. Despite appearing on screen for only a few minutes, Brando's presence dominates the film. However, his behavior during filming was notoriously difficult, arriving on set overweight and unprepared. As Brando aged, his appearances became less frequent and more eccentric. He took on roles in films like "The Formula" (1980), "The Freshman" (1990), and "Don Juan DeMarco" (1995), often for large paychecks rather than artistic merit. His final film appearance was in "The Score" (2001), alongside Robert De Niro and Edward Norton. Personal Life and Activism Brando's personal life was as dramatic and turbulent as many of his on-screen roles. He was married three times and had eleven children, including three with his housekeeper. His family life was marked by tragedy, including the murder of one of his sons and the suicide of his daughter. Throughout his life, Brando was a vocal advocate for civil rights and Native American rights. He was involved in the African-American Civil Rights Movement and famously sent Sacheen Littlefeather to refuse his Academy Award for "The Godfather" in protest of Hollywood's portrayal of Native Americans. Brando's later years were marked by health issues and personal tragedies. He became reclusive, rarely making public appearances. He struggled with obesity and diabetes, which contributed to his declining health. Legacy and Impact Marlon Brando passed away on July 1, 2004, at the age of 80. His death marked the end of an era in American cinema. Brando's impact on acting and cinema cannot be overstated. He revolutionized the craft of acting, bringing a new level of realism and emotional intensity to the screen. His naturalistic style, informed by the Method, influenced generations of actors who followed him. Beyond his acting technique, Brando's screen presence was unparalleled. He possessed a unique combination of masculine strength and vulnerable sensitivity that redefined the concept of the leading man in Hollywood. His performances in films like "On the Waterfront," "The Godfather," and "Apocalypse Now" are studied and admired to this day. Brando was also a pioneer in challenging the studio system and asserting the rights of actors. He was one of the first actors to demand profit participation in his films and to use his star power to champion social causes. However, Brando's legacy is complex. His later career was marked by eccentric behavior and a perceived waste of his immense talent. He became as famous for his off-screen antics and weight gain as for his performances. Despite this, Brando's place in the pantheon of great actors remains secure. He was named by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the 20th Century, and the American Film Institute ranked him as the fourth greatest male star whose screen debut occurred before or during 1950. In conclusion, Marlon Brando was more than just an actor; he was a cultural icon who changed the face of cinema. His influence can be seen in countless performances by actors who followed him, and his best work continues to inspire and move audiences decades after it was first created. Brando's life and career serve as a testament to the transformative power of great art and the complex nature of genius. Thanks for listening and remember to like and share wherever you get your podcasts.
